Presentations
The PDF Reference
Where Found: Section 8.3.3, pp 562 - 568
Key Text:
Some PDF viewer applications may allow a document to be displayed in the form of a presentation or slide show, advancing from one page to the next either automatically or under user control. In addition, PDF 1.5 introduces the ability to ad vance between different states of the same page (see “Sub-page Navigation” on page 566).Note: PDF 1.4 introduces a different mechanism, known as alternate presentations, for slide show displays, described in Section 9.4, “Alternate Presentations. ”
A page object (see “Page Objects” on page 119) may contain two optional entries, Dur and Trans (PDF 1.1), to specify how to display that page in presentation mode. The Trans entry contains a transition dictionary describing the style and duration of the visual transition to use when moving from another page to the given page during a presentation. Table 8.9 shows the contents of the transition dictionary. (Some of the entries shown are needed only for certain transition styles, as indicated in the table.) entry contains a describing the style and duration of the visual transition to use when moving from another page to the dictionary. (Some of the entries shown are needed only for certain transition styles, as indicated in the table.) , to specify how to display that page in presentation mode. The and The Dur entry in the page object specifies the page’s display duration (also called its advance timing): the maximum length of time, in seconds, that the page is displayed before the presentation automatically advances to the next page. (The user can advance the page manually before the specified time has expired.) If no Dur entry is specified in the page object, the page does not advance automatically. entry is specified in the page object, the page does not advance automatically. entry in the page object specifies the page’s (also called its ): the maximum length of time, in seconds, that the page is displayed before the presentation automatically advances to the next page. (The user can advance the page manually before the specified time has expired.) If no| TABLE 8.9 | Entries in a transition dictionary | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KEY | TYPE | VALUE | |||
| Type | name | (Optional) The type of PDF object that this dictionary describes; if present, must be Trans for a transition dictionary. for a transition dictionary. | |||
| S | name | (Optional) The transition style to use when moving to this page from another during a presentation. Default value: R. | |||
| Split | Two lines sweep across the screen, revealing the new page. The lines may be either horizontal or vertical and may move inward from the edges of the page or outward from the center, as specified by the Dm and M entries, respectively. entries, respectively. and | ||||
| Blinds | Multiple lines, evenly spaced across the screen, synchronously sweep in the same direction to reveal the new page. The lines may be either horizontal or vertical, as specified by the Dm entry. Horizontal lines move downward; vertical lines move to the right. entry. Horizontal lines move downward; vertical lines move to the right. | ||||
| Box | A rectangular box sweeps inward from the edges of the page or outward from the center, as specified by the M entry, revealing the new page. entry, revealing the new page. | ||||
| Wipe | A single line sweeps across the screen from one edge to the other in the direction specified by the Di entry, revealing the new page. entry, revealing the new page. | ||||
| Dissolve | The old page dissolves gradually to reveal the new one. | ||||
| Glitter | Similar to Dissolve, except that the effect sweeps across the page in a wide band moving from one side of the screen to the other in the direction specified by the Di entry. entry. | ||||
| R | The new page simply replaces the old one with no special transition effect; the D entry is ignored. entry is ignored. | ||||
| Fly | (PDF 1.5) Changes are flown out or in (as specified by M), in the direction specified by Di, to or from a location that is offscreen except when Di is None. is , to or from a location that is offscreen except when ), in the direction specified by | ||||
KEY TYPE VALUE Push (PDF 1.5) The old page slides off the screen while the new page slides in, pushing the old page out in the direction specified by Di. Cover (PDF 1.5) The new page slides on to the screen in the direction specified by Di, covering the old page. , covering the old page. Uncover (PDF 1.5) The old page slides off the screen in the direction specified by Di, uncovering the new page in the direction specified by Di. . , uncovering the new page in the direction specified by Fade (PDF 1.5) The new page gradually becomes visible through the old one. D number (Optional) The duration of the transition effect, in seconds. Default value: 1.
Dm name (Optional; Split and Blinds transition styles only) The dimension in which the specified name transition effect occurs:
H Horizontal
V Vertical
Default value: H. M name (Optional; Split, Box and Fly transition styles only) The direction of motion for the specified transition effect: I Inward from the edges of the page O Outward from the center of the page Default value: I. Di number or (Optional; Wipe, Glitter, Fly, Cover, Uncover and Push transition styles only) The direction number or name in which the specified transition effect moves, expressed in degrees counterclockwise starting from a left-to-right direction. (This differs from the page object’s Rotate entry, which is measured clockwise from the top.) entry, which is measured clockwise from the top.) The following numeric values are valid: 0 Left to right
90 Bottom to top (Wipe only) 180 Right to left (Wipe only) 270 Top to bottom 315 Top-left to bottom-right (Glitter only) The only valid name value is None, which is relevant only for the Fly transition when the value of SS is not 1.0. Default value: 0.
KEY TYPE VALUE SS number (Optional; PDF 1.5; Fly transition style only) The starting or ending scale at which the changes are drawn. If M specifies an inward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from SS to 1.0 over the course of the transition. If M specifies an outward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from 1.0 to SS over the course of the transition over the course of the transition specifies an outward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from 1.0 to to 1.0 over the course of the transition. If specifies an inward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from Default: 1.0. B boolean (Optional; PDF 1.5; Fly transition style only) If true, the area to be flown in is rectangular and opaque. Default: false. . , the area to be flown in is rectangular and opaque. Default:
Figure 8.1 illustrates the relationship between transition duration ( D in the transition dictionary) and display duration (Dur in the page object). Note that the transition duration specified for a page (page 2 in the figure) governs the transition to that page from another page; the transition from the page is governed by the next page’s transition duration. in the page object). Note that the transition duration specified for a page (page 2 in the figure) governs the transition that page from another page; the transition the page is governed by the next page’s transition duration. in the transition dictionary) and display duration ( Transition from page 1 to page 2 Page 2 displayed Transition from page 2 to page 3 . . . . . . Transition duration for page 2 Display duration for page 2 Transition duration for page 3
FIGURE 8.1 Presentation timing Example 8.5 shows the presentation parameters for a page to be displayed for 5 seconds. Before the page is displayed, there is a 3.5-second transition in which two vertical lines sweep outward from the center to the edges of the page. shows the presentation parameters for a page to be displayed for 5 seconds. Before the page is displayed, there is a 3.5-second transition in which two vertical lines sweep outward from the center to the edges of the page. Example 8.5 10 0 obj
10 0 obj << /Type /Page
/Parent 4 0 R
/Contents 16 0 R
/Dur 5
/Trans << /Type /Trans
/D 3.5
/S /Split
/Dm /V
/M /O
>>
>>
endobj
Sub-page Navigation Sub-page navigation (PDF 1.5) allows navigating not only between pages but also between different states of the same page. For example, a single page in a PDF presentation could have a series of bullet points that could be individually turned on and off. In such an example, the bullets would be represented by optional content (see Section 4.10, “Optional Content”), and each state of the page would be represented as a navigation node. allows navigating not only between pages but also between different states of the same page. For example, a single page in a PDF presentation could have a series of bullet points that could be individually turned on and off. In such an example, the bullets would be represented by optional content (see represented as a . Note: Viewer applications should save the state of optional content groups when a user enters presentation mode and restore it when presentation mode ends. This ensures, for example, that transient changes to bullets do not affect the printing of the document.
A navigation node dictionary (see Table 8.10) specifies actions to execute when the user makes a navigation request; for example, by pressing an arrow key. The navigation nodes on a page form a doubly linked list by means of their Next and Prev entries. The primary node on a page is determined by the optional PresSteps entry in a page dictionary (see Table 3.27). entry in a page dictionary (see entries. The primary node on a page is determined by the optional and Note: It is recommended that a viewer application respect navigation nodes only when in presentation mode (see Section 8.3.3, “Presentations”).
KEY TYPE TABLE 8.10 VALUE Entries in a navigation node dictionary Type name (Optional) The type of PDF object that this dictionary describes; must be NavNode for a navigation node dictionary. for a navigation node dictionary. NA dictionary (Optional) The sequence of actions to execute when a user navigates forward. PA dictionary (Optional) The sequence of actions to execute when a user navigates backward. Next dictionary (Optional) The next navigation node, if any. Prev dictionary (Optional) The previous navigation node, if any. Dur number (Optional) The maximum number of seconds before the viewer application should automatically advance forward to the next navigation node. If this entry is not specified, no automatic advance should occur.
A viewer application should support the notion of a current navigation node. When a user navigates to a page, if the page dictionary has a PresSteps entry, the node specified by that entry becomes the current node. (Otherwise, there is no current node.) If there is a request to navigate forward (such as an arrow key press) and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs: 1. The sequence of actions specified by NA (if present) is executed. (if present) is executed. Note: If NA specifies an action that navigates to another page, the actions described below for navigating to another page take place, and Next should not be present. 2. The node specified by Next (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. Similarly, if there is a request to navigate backward and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs:
1. The sequence of actions specified by PA (if present) is executed. (if present) is executed. Note: If PA specifies an action that navigates to another page, the actions described below for navigating to another page take place, and Prev should not be present. 2. The node specified by Prev (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. When navigating between nodes, it is possible to specify transition effects. These effects are similar to the page transitions specified in the previous section. How ever, they use a different mechanism; see “Transition Actions” on page 632.
Note: “Forward” and “backward” are determined by user actions, such as pressing right or left arrow keys, not by the actual page that is the destination of an action.
If there is a request to navigate to another page (regardless of whether there is a current node) and that page’s dictionary contains a PresSteps entry, the following occurs: entry, the following occurs: - The navigation node represented by PresSteps becomes the current node.
- If the navigation request was forward, or if the navigation request was for random access (such as by clicking on a link), the actions specified by NA are executed and the node specified by Next becomes the new current node, as described above.
- If the navigation request was backward, the actions specified by PA are executed and the node specified by Prev becomes the new current node, as described above.
- The viewer application makes the new page the current page and displays it. Any page transitions specified by the Trans entry of the page dictionary are performed.
entry of the page dictionary are performed. becomes the new current node, as described above. are executed and the node specified by becomes the new current node, as described above. are executed and the node specified by
becomes the current node.
2. The node specified by
2. The node specified by entry, the node specified by that entry becomes the current node. (Otherwise, there is no current node.) If there is a request to navigate forward (such as an arrow key press) and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs: 1. The sequence of actions specified by
1. The sequence of actions specified by
.
Push
D number (Optional) The duration of the transition effect, in seconds. Default value: 1.
Dm name (Optional; Split and Blinds transition styles only) The dimension in which the specified name transition effect occurs:H Horizontal
V Vertical
Default value: H. M name (Optional; Split, Box and Fly transition styles only) The direction of motion for the specified transition effect: I Inward from the edges of the page O Outward from the center of the page Default value: I. Di number or (Optional; Wipe, Glitter, Fly, Cover, Uncover and Push transition styles only) The direction number or name in which the specified transition effect moves, expressed in degrees counterclockwise starting from a left-to-right direction. (This differs from the page object’s Rotate entry, which is measured clockwise from the top.) entry, which is measured clockwise from the top.)
The following numeric values are valid: 0 Left to right
90 Bottom to top (Wipe only) 180 Right to left (Wipe only) 270 Top to bottom 315 Top-left to bottom-right (Glitter only) The only valid name value is None, which is relevant only for the Fly transition when the value of SS is not 1.0.Default value: 0.
| KEY | TYPE | VALUE |
|---|---|---|
| SS | number | (Optional; PDF 1.5; Fly transition style only) The starting or ending scale at which the changes are drawn. If M specifies an inward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from SS to 1.0 over the course of the transition. If M specifies an outward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from 1.0 to SS over the course of the transition over the course of the transition specifies an outward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from 1.0 to to 1.0 over the course of the transition. If specifies an inward transition, the scale of the changes drawn progresses from |
| Default: 1.0. | ||
| B | boolean | (Optional; PDF 1.5; Fly transition style only) If true, the area to be flown in is rectangular and opaque. Default: false. . , the area to be flown in is rectangular and opaque. Default: |
| Transition from page 1 to page 2 | Page 2 displayed | Transition from page 2 to page 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . . . | . . . | |||
| Transition duration for page 2 | Display duration for page 2 | Transition duration for page 3 | ||
10 0 obj
10 0 obj<< /Type /Page
/Parent 4 0 R
/Contents 16 0 R
/Dur 5
/Trans << /Type /Trans
/D 3.5
/S /Split
/Dm /V
/M /O
>>
>>
endobj
Sub-page Navigation Sub-page navigation (PDF 1.5) allows navigating not only between pages but also between different states of the same page. For example, a single page in a PDF presentation could have a series of bullet points that could be individually turned on and off. In such an example, the bullets would be represented by optional content (see Section 4.10, “Optional Content”), and each state of the page would be represented as a navigation node. allows navigating not only between pages but also between different states of the same page. For example, a single page in a PDF presentation could have a series of bullet points that could be individually turned on and off. In such an example, the bullets would be represented by optional content (see represented as a . Note: Viewer applications should save the state of optional content groups when a user enters presentation mode and restore it when presentation mode ends. This ensures, for example, that transient changes to bullets do not affect the printing of the document.
A navigation node dictionary (see Table 8.10) specifies actions to execute when the user makes a navigation request; for example, by pressing an arrow key. The navigation nodes on a page form a doubly linked list by means of their Next and Prev entries. The primary node on a page is determined by the optional PresSteps entry in a page dictionary (see Table 3.27). entry in a page dictionary (see entries. The primary node on a page is determined by the optional and Note: It is recommended that a viewer application respect navigation nodes only when in presentation mode (see Section 8.3.3, “Presentations”).
KEY TYPE TABLE 8.10 VALUE Entries in a navigation node dictionary Type name (Optional) The type of PDF object that this dictionary describes; must be NavNode for a navigation node dictionary. for a navigation node dictionary. NA dictionary (Optional) The sequence of actions to execute when a user navigates forward. PA dictionary (Optional) The sequence of actions to execute when a user navigates backward. Next dictionary (Optional) The next navigation node, if any. Prev dictionary (Optional) The previous navigation node, if any. Dur number (Optional) The maximum number of seconds before the viewer application should automatically advance forward to the next navigation node. If this entry is not specified, no automatic advance should occur.
A viewer application should support the notion of a current navigation node. When a user navigates to a page, if the page dictionary has a PresSteps entry, the node specified by that entry becomes the current node. (Otherwise, there is no current node.) If there is a request to navigate forward (such as an arrow key press) and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs: 1. The sequence of actions specified by NA (if present) is executed. (if present) is executed. Note: If NA specifies an action that navigates to another page, the actions described below for navigating to another page take place, and Next should not be present. 2. The node specified by Next (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. Similarly, if there is a request to navigate backward and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs:
1. The sequence of actions specified by PA (if present) is executed. (if present) is executed. Note: If PA specifies an action that navigates to another page, the actions described below for navigating to another page take place, and Prev should not be present. 2. The node specified by Prev (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. When navigating between nodes, it is possible to specify transition effects. These effects are similar to the page transitions specified in the previous section. How ever, they use a different mechanism; see “Transition Actions” on page 632.
Note: “Forward” and “backward” are determined by user actions, such as pressing right or left arrow keys, not by the actual page that is the destination of an action.
If there is a request to navigate to another page (regardless of whether there is a current node) and that page’s dictionary contains a PresSteps entry, the following occurs: entry, the following occurs: - The navigation node represented by PresSteps becomes the current node.
- If the navigation request was forward, or if the navigation request was for random access (such as by clicking on a link), the actions specified by NA are executed and the node specified by Next becomes the new current node, as described above.
- If the navigation request was backward, the actions specified by PA are executed and the node specified by Prev becomes the new current node, as described above.
- The viewer application makes the new page the current page and displays it. Any page transitions specified by the Trans entry of the page dictionary are performed.
entry of the page dictionary are performed. becomes the new current node, as described above. are executed and the node specified by becomes the new current node, as described above. are executed and the node specified by
becomes the current node.
2. The node specified by
2. The node specified by entry, the node specified by that entry becomes the current node. (Otherwise, there is no current node.) If there is a request to navigate forward (such as an arrow key press) and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs: 1. The sequence of actions specified by
1. The sequence of actions specified by
Note: If NA specifies an action that navigates to another page, the actions described below for navigating to another page take place, and Next should not be present. 2. The node specified by Next (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. (if present) becomes the new current navigation node. Similarly, if there is a request to navigate backward and there is a current navigation node, the following occurs: When navigating between nodes, it is possible to specify transition effects. These effects are similar to the page transitions specified in the previous section. How ever, they use a different mechanism; see “Transition Actions” on page 632. Note: “Forward” and “backward” are determined by user actions, such as pressing right or left arrow keys, not by the actual page that is the destination of an action.
2. The node specified by
becomes the current node.
To be discussed
- timed page changes/duration
- how do transitions affect accessibility?
- needs investigation
Proposed Text
- The document shall... COMPLETE.
- The document should.... COMPLETE.
- The doucment may...COMPLETE
- Etc.
Issues to take forward to Implementation
- We need to look at... COMPLETE.
- And this.... COMPLETE.
- Etc.
Suggested changes, additions (by those other than the page initiator)
- Ideas, questions or concerns
